![]() ![]() It found that mask mandates led to a slowdown in daily COVID-19 growth rate, which became more apparent over time. Because it would be unethical to assign people to not wear a mask during a pandemic, the epidemiological evidence has come from so-called “experiments of nature.”Ī recent study published in Health Affairs, for example, compared the COVID-19 growth rate before and after mask mandates in 15 states and the District of Columbia. “The most important thing are the epidemiologic data,” said Rutherford. Another study of people who had influenza or the common cold found that wearing a surgical mask significantly reduced the amount of these respiratory viruses emitted in droplets and aerosols.īut the strongest evidence in favor of masks come from studies of real-world scenarios. ![]() An experiment using high-speed video found that hundreds of droplets ranging from 20 to 500 micrometers were generated when saying a simple phrase, but that nearly all these droplets were blocked when the mouth was covered by a damp washcloth. One category of evidence comes from laboratory studies of respiratory droplets and the ability of various masks to block them. There are several strands of evidence supporting the efficacy of masks. There’s a lot of asymptomatic infection, so everybody has to wear a mask.” What evidence do we have that wearing a mask is effective in preventing COVID-19? ![]() “You can’t look in a crowd and say, oh, that person should wear mask. “I think the biggest thing with COVID now that shapes all of this guidance on masks is that we can’t tell who’s infected,” said Chin-Hong. Studies have found that viral load peaks in the days before symptoms begin and that speaking is enough to expel virus-carrying droplets. What may have finally convinced the CDC to change its guidance in favor of masks were rising disease prevalence and a clearer understanding that both pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic transmission are possible – even common. Even now, some Americans are choosing to ignore CDC guidance and local mandates on masks, a hesitation that Chin-Hong says is “foolhardy.” wasn’t really prepared to wear masks,” unlike some countries in Asia where the practice is more common, said Chin-Hong. “We should have told people to wear cloth masks right off the bat,” he said.Īnother factor “is that culturally, the U.S. The legitimate concern that the limited supply of surgical masks and N95 respirators should be saved for health care workers should not have prevented more nuanced messaging about the benefits of masking. “We were getting a false sense of security.” “So, of course, you’re preaching that the juice isn’t really worth the squeeze to have the whole population wear masks in the beginning – but that was really a reflection of not having enough testing, anyway,” he said. The original CDC guidance partly was based on what was thought to be low disease prevalence earlier in the pandemic, said Chin-Hong. Why did the CDC change its guidance on wearing masks? We talked to UC San Francisco epidemiologist George Rutherford, MD, and infectious disease specialist Peter Chin-Hong, MD, about the CDC’s reversal on mask-wearing, the current science on how masks work, and what to consider when choosing a mask. These shifting guidelines may have sowed confusion among the public about the utility of masks.īut health experts say the evidence is clear that masks can help prevent the spread of COVID-19 and that the more people wearing masks, the better. Editor's Note: This story was updated on July 11 to include information on why valved masks do not block exhaled droplets.Īs states reopen from stay-at-home orders, many, including California, are now requiring people to wear face coverings in most public spaces to reduce the spread of COVID-19.īoth the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization now recommend cloth masks for the general public, but earlier in the pandemic, both organizations recommended just the opposite. ![]()
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